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Jupiter's Upper Atmosphere Surprises Astronomers with Intricate Structures and Activity

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  • Scientists observed the region above Jupiter's Great Red Spot to discover intricate structures and activity
  • The upper atmosphere of Jupiter is influenced by incoming sunlight
  • The team was surprised to discover a variety of previously unseen features, including dark arcs and bright spots
  • Atmospheric waves generated deep in the turbulent lower atmosphere can change the structure and emissions of the upper atmosphere
  • These findings may also support ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer, Juice
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  • The upper atmosphere of Jupiter was previously thought to be homogeneous in nature, but the James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a variety of previously unseen features, including dark arcs and bright spots.
  • Atmospheric waves generated deep in the turbulent lower atmosphere, all around the Great Red Spot, can change the structure and emissions of the upper atmosphere, suggesting that there must be another mechanism altering the shape and structure of the upper atmosphere.
  • The team hopes to conduct follow-up Webb observations of these intricate wave patterns in the future to investigate how the patterns move within the planet’s upper atmosphere and to develop our understanding of the energy budget of this region and how the features change over time.
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  • Juice will make detailed observations of Jupiter and its three large ocean-bearing moons – Ganymede, Callisto and Europa – with a suite of remote sensing, geophysical and in situ instruments.
  • The James Webb Space Telescope's discovery of intricate structures and activity in the region above Jupiter's Great Red Spot may support Juice's mission to explore Jupiter's complex environment in depth and study the wider Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants across the Universe.
  • The observations of Jupiter taken by the James Webb Space Telescope were part of the Early Release Science programme #1373: ERS Observations of the Jovian System as a Demonstration of JWST’s Capabilities for Solar System Science (Co-PIs: I. de Pater, T. Fouchet).
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